Recent documents in Wyoming Scholars Repository
Updated: 3 hours 53 min ago

### Jordan Triple Product Homomorphisms on Triangular Matrices to and from Dimension One

Thu, 2019-04-11 12:53

A map $\Phi$ is a Jordan triple product (JTP for short) homomorphism whenever $\Phi(A B A)= \Phi(A) \Phi(B) \Phi(A)$ for all $A,B$. We study JTP homomorphisms on the set of upper triangular matrices $\mathcal{T}_n(\mathbb{F})$, where $\Ff$ is the field of real or complex numbers. We characterize JTP homomorphisms $\Phi: \mathcal{T}_n(\mathbb{C}) \to \mathbb{C}$ and JTP homomorphisms $\Phi: \mathbb{F} \to \mathcal{T}_n(\mathbb{F})$. In the latter case we consider continuous maps and the implications of omitting the assumption of continuity.

### Regulation of the Practice of Law in Wyoming: A 150-Year Walk Through the History Books

Mon, 2019-04-08 11:40

### Blowing It: Why Is Wyoming Failing to Develop Wind Projects?

Mon, 2019-04-08 11:40

### Blockchain Challenges Traditional Contract Law: Just How Smart Are Smart Contracts?

Mon, 2019-04-08 11:39

### Illegitimate Succession: Vestigial Discrimination in Wyoming’s Rules of Intestate Descent

Mon, 2019-04-08 11:39

### A Policy History of Federal Coal Leasing: Past and Present Challenges

Mon, 2019-04-08 11:39

### Left in the Dust: Wyoming’s Instream Flow Laws from a Mountain West Perspective

Mon, 2019-04-08 11:39

### Minute by Minute: An Assessment of the Environmental Flows Program for Restoration of the Colorado River Delta

Mon, 2019-04-08 11:39

### Unions of a clique and a co-clique as star complements for non-main graph eigenvalues

Thu, 2019-03-28 20:28

Graphs consisting of a clique and a co-clique, both of arbitrary size, are considered in the role of star complements for an arbitrary non-main eigenvalue. Among other results, the sign of such a eigenvalue is discussed, the neigbourhoods of star set vertices are described, and the parameters of all strongly regular extensions are determined. It is also proved that, unless in a specified special case, if the size of a co-clique is fixed then there is a finite number of possibilities for our star complement and the corresponding non-main eigenvalue. Numerical data on these possibilities is presented.

### AE Regularity of Interval Matrices

Thu, 2019-03-28 20:24

Consider a linear system of equations with interval coefficients, and each interval coefficient is associated with either a universal or an existential quantifier. The AE solution set and AE solvability of the system is defined by ∀∃- quantification. The paper deals with the problem of what properties must the coefficient matrix have in order that there is guaranteed an existence of an AE solution. Based on this motivation, a concept of AE regularity is introduced, which implies that the AE solution set is nonempty and the system is AE solvable for every right-hand side. A characterization of AE regularity is discussed, and also various classes of matrices that are implicitly AE regular are investigated. Some of these classes are polynomially decidable, and therefore give an efficient way for checking AE regularity. Eventually, there are also stated open problems related to computational complexity and characterization of AE regularity.

### Condensed Forms for Linear Port-Hamiltonian Descriptor Systems

Sat, 2019-03-23 11:57

Motivated by the structure which arises in the port-Hamiltonian formulation of constraint dynamical systems, structure preserving condensed forms for skew-adjoint differential-algebraic equations (DAEs) are derived. Moreover, structure preserving condensed forms under constant rank assumptions for linear port-Hamiltonian differential-algebraic equations are developed. These condensed forms allow for the further analysis of the properties of port-Hamiltonian DAEs and to study, e.g., existence and uniqueness of solutions or to determine the index. It can be shown that under certain conditions for regular port-Hamiltonian DAEs the strangeness index is bounded by $\mu\leq1$.

### Brauer's theorem and nonnegative matrices with prescribed diagonal entries

Fri, 2019-02-15 14:17

The problem of the existence and construction of nonnegative matrices with prescribed eigenvalues and diagonal entries is an important inverse problem, interesting by itself, but also necessary to apply a perturbation result, which has played an important role in the study of certain nonnegative inverse spectral problems. A number of partial results about the problem have been published by several authors, mainly by H. \v{S}migoc. In this paper, the relevance of a Brauer's result, and its implication for the nonnegative inverse eigenvalue problem with prescribed diagonal entries is emphasized. As a consequence, given a list of complex numbers of \v{S}migoc type, or a list $\Lambda = \left\{\lambda _{1},\ldots ,\lambda _{n} \right \}$ with $\operatorname{Re}\lambda _{i}\leq 0,$ $\lambda _{1}\geq -\sum\limits_{i=2}^{n}\lambda _{i}$, and $\left\{-\sum\limits_{i=2}^{n}\lambda _{i},\lambda _{2},\ldots ,\lambda _{n} \right\}$ being realizable; and given a list of nonnegative real numbers $% \Gamma = \left\{\gamma _{1},\ldots ,\gamma _{n} \right\}$, the remarkably simple condition $\gamma _{1}+\cdots +\gamma _{n} = \lambda _{1}+\cdots +\lambda _{n}$ is necessary and sufficient for the existence and construction of a realizing matrix with diagonal entries $\Gamma .$ Conditions for more general lists of complex numbers are also given.

### Diagonal Sums of Doubly Substochastic Matrices

Fri, 2019-02-15 14:17

Let $\Omega_n$ denote the convex polytope of all $n\times n$ doubly stochastic matrices, and $\omega_{n}$ denote the convex polytope of all $n\times n$ doubly substochastic matrices. For a matrix $A\in\omega_n$, define the sub-defect of $A$ to be the smallest integer $k$ such that there exists an $(n+k)\times(n+k)$ doubly stochastic matrix containing $A$ as a submatrix. Let $\omega_{n,k}$ denote the subset of $\omega_n$ which contains all doubly substochastic matrices with sub-defect $k$. For $\pi$ a permutation of symmetric group of degree $n$, the sequence of elements $a_{1\pi(1)},a_{2\pi(2)}, \ldots, a_{n\pi(n)}$ is called the diagonal of $A$ corresponding to $\pi$. Let $h(A)$ and $l(A)$ denote the maximum and minimum diagonal sums of $A\in \omega_{n,k}$, respectively. In this paper, existing results of $h$ and $l$ functions are extended from $\Omega_n$ to $\omega_{n,k}.$ In addition, an analogue of Sylvesters law of the $h$ function on $\omega_{n,k}$ is proved.

### In-sphere property and reverse inequalities for matrix means

Sat, 2019-02-09 18:41

The in-sphere property for matrix means is studied. It is proved that the matrix power mean satisfies in-sphere property with respect to the Hilbert-Schmidt norm. A new characterization of the matrix arithmetic mean is provided. Some reverse AGM inequalities involving unitarily invariant norms and operator monotone functions are also obtained.

### Surjective Additive Rank-1 Preservers on Hessenberg Matrices

Sat, 2019-02-09 18:41

Let $H_{n}(\mathbb{F})$ be the space of all $n\times n$ upper Hessenberg matrices over a field~$\mathbb{F}$, where $n$ is a positive integer greater than two. In this paper, surjective additive maps preserving rank-$1$ on $H_{n}(\mathbb{F})$ are characterized.

### Solving the Sylvester Equation AX-XB=C when $\sigma(A)\cap\sigma(B)\neq\emptyset$

Tue, 2019-02-05 22:45

The method for solving the Sylvester equation $AX-XB=C$ in complex matrix case, when $\sigma(A)\cap\sigma(B)\neq \emptyset$, by using Jordan normal form is given. Also, the approach via Schur decomposition is presented.

### Resolution Of Conjectures Related To Lights Out! And Cartesian Products

Wed, 2019-01-16 22:12

Lights Out!\ is a game played on a $5 \times 5$ grid of lights, or more generally on a graph. Pressing lights on the grid allows the player to turn off neighboring lights. The goal of the game is to start with a given initial configuration of lit lights and reach a state where all lights are out. Two conjectures posed in a recently published paper about Lights Out!\ on Cartesian products of graphs are resolved.

### On the Interval Generalized Coupled Matrix Equations

Wed, 2019-01-16 22:12

In this work, the interval generalized coupled matrix equations \begin{equation*} \sum_{j=1}^{p}{{\bf{A}}_{ij}X_{j}}+\sum_{k=1}^{q}{Y_{k}{\bf{B}}_{ik}}={\bf{C}}_{i}, \qquad i=1,\ldots,p+q, \end{equation*} are studied in which ${\bf{A}}_{ij}$, ${\bf{B}}_{ik}$ and ${\bf{C}}_{i}$ are known real interval matrices, while $X_{j}$ and $Y_{k}$ are the unknown matrices for $j=1,\ldots,p$, $k=1,\ldots,q$ and $i=1,\ldots,p+q$. This paper discusses the so-called AE-solution sets for this system. In these types of solution sets, the elements of the involved interval matrices are quantified and all occurrences of the universal quantifier $\forall$ (if any) precede the occurrences of the existential quantifier $\exists$. The AE-solution sets are characterized and some sufficient conditions under which these types of solution sets are bounded are given. Also some approaches are proposed which include a numerical technique and an algebraic approach for enclosing some types of the AE-solution sets.

### A note on linear preservers of semipositive and minimally semipositive matrices

Tue, 2019-01-08 12:59

Semipositive matrices (matrices that map at least one nonnegative vector to a positive vector) and minimally semipositive matrices (semipositive matrices whose no column-deleted submatrix is semipositive) are well studied in matrix theory. In this short note, the structure of linear maps which preserve the set of all semipositive/minimally semipositive matrices is studied. An open problem is solved, and some ambiguities in the article [J. Dorsey, T. Gannon, N. Jacobson, C.R. Johnson and M. Turnansky. Linear preservers of semi-positive matrices. {\em Linear and Multilinear Algebra}, 64:1853--1862, 2016.] are clarified.

### Vector Cross Product Differential and Difference Equations in R^3 and in R^7

Tue, 2019-01-08 12:58

Through a matrix approach of the $2$-fold vector cross product in $\mathbb{R}^3$ and in $\mathbb{R}^7$, some vector cross product differential and difference equations are studied. Either the classical theory or convenient Drazin inverses, of elements belonging to the class of index $1$ matrices, are applied.