Recent documents in Wyoming Scholars Repository
Updated: 7 hours 10 min ago

### Matrix Shanks Transformations

Mon, 2019-07-01 13:54

Shanks' transformation is a well know sequence transformation for accelerating the convergence of scalar sequences. It has been extended to the case of sequences of vectors and sequences of square matrices satisfying a linear difference equation with scalar coefficients. In this paper, a more general extension to the matrix case where the matrices can be rectangular and satisfy a difference equation with matrix coefficients is proposed and studied. In the particular case of square matrices, the new transformation can be recursively implemented by the matrix $\varepsilon$-algorithm of Wynn. Then, the transformation is related to matrix Pad\'{e}-type and Pad\'{e} approximants. Numerical experiments showing the interest of this transformation end the paper.

### Non-sparse Companion Matrices

Mon, 2019-07-01 13:54

Given a polynomial $p(z)$, a companion matrix can be thought of as a simple template for placing the coefficients of $p(z)$ in a matrix such that the characteristic polynomial is $p(z)$. The Frobenius companion and the more recently-discovered Fiedler companion matrices are examples. Both the Frobenius and Fiedler companion matrices have the maximum possible number of zero entries, and in that sense are sparse. In this paper, companion matrices are explored that are not sparse. Some constructions of non-sparse companion matrices are provided, and properties that all companion matrices must exhibit are given. For example, it is shown that every companion matrix realization is non-derogatory. Bounds on the minimum number of zeros that must appear in a companion matrix, are also given.

### Block GLT Sequences: Matrix Functions and Engineering Application

Tue, 2019-05-28 16:29

The theory of block generalized locally Toeplitz (GLT) sequences is a powerful apparatus for computing the spectral distribution of block-structured matrices arising from the discretization of differential problems, with a special reference to systems of differential equations (DEs) and to the higher-order finite element or discontinuous Galerkin approximation of both scalar and vectorial DEs. In the present paper, the theory of block GLT sequences is extended by proving that $\{f(A_n)\}_n$ is a block GLT sequence as long as $f$ is continuous and $\{A_n\}_n$ is a block GLT sequence formed by Hermitian matrices. It is also provided a relevant application of this result to the computation of the distribution of the numerical eigenvalues obtained from the higher-order isogeometric Galerkin discretization of second-order variable-coefficient differential eigenvalue problems (a topic of interest not only in numerical analysis but also in engineering).

### Cone-constrained rational eigenvalue problems

Tue, 2019-05-28 16:29

This work deals with the eigenvalue analysis of a rational matrix-valued function subject to complementarity constraints induced by a polyhedral cone $K$. The eigenvalue problem under consideration has the general structure $\left(\sum_{k=0}^d \lambda^k A_k + \sum_{k =1}^m \frac{p_k(\lambda)}{q_k(\lambda)} \,B_k\right) x = y , \quad K\ni x \perp y\in K^\ast,$ where $K^\ast$ denotes the dual cone of $K$. The unconstrained version of this problem has been discussed in [Y.F. Su and Z.J. Bai. Solving rational eigenvalue problems via linearization. \emph{SIAM J. Matrix Anal. Appl.}, 32:201--216, 2011.] with special emphasis on the implementation of linearization-based methods. The cone-constrained case can be handled by combining Su and Bai's linearization approach and the so-called facial reduction technique. In essence, this technique consists in solving one unconstrained rational eigenvalue problem for each face of the polyhedral cone $K$.

### The Determinant and Complex Gershgorin Circles

Sat, 2019-05-18 05:45

Each connected component of the Gershgorin circles of a matrix contains exactly as many eigenvalues as circles are involved. Thus, the Minkowski (set) product of all circles contains the determinant if all circles are disjoint. In [S.M. Rump. Bounds for the determinant by Gershgorin circles. Linear Algebra and its Applications, 563:215--219, 2019.], it was proved that statement to be true for real matrices whose circles need not to be disjoint. Moreover, it was asked whether the statement remains true for complex matrices. This note answers that in the affirmative. As a by-product, a parameterization of the outer loop of a Cartesian oval without case distinction is derived.

### Pairwise Completely Positive Matrices and Conjugate Local Diagonal Unitary Invariant Quantum States

Sat, 2019-05-18 05:45

A generalization of the set of completely positive matrices called pairwise completely positive (PCP) matrices is introduced. These are pairs of matrices that share a joint decomposition so that one of them is necessarily positive semidefinite while the other one is necessarily entrywise non-negative. Basic properties of these matrix pairs are explored and several testable necessary and sufficient conditions are developed to help determine whether or not a pair is PCP. A connection with quantum entanglement is established by showing that determining whether or not a pair of matrices is pairwise completely positive is equivalent to determining whether or not a certain type of quantum state, called a conjugate local diagonal unitary invariant state, is separable. Many of the most important quantum states in entanglement theory are of this type, including isotropic states, mixed Dicke states (up to partial transposition), and maximally correlated states. As a specific application of these results, a wide family of states that have absolutely positive partial transpose are shown to in fact be separable.

### Vector Spaces of Generalized Linearizations for Rectangular Matrix Polynomials

Mon, 2019-04-22 11:04

The complete eigenvalue problem associated with a rectangular matrix polynomial is typically solved via the technique of linearization. This work introduces the concept of generalized linearizations of rectangular matrix polynomials. For a given rectangular matrix polynomial, it also proposes vector spaces of rectangular matrix pencils with the property that almost every pencil is a generalized linearization of the matrix polynomial which can then be used to solve the complete eigenvalue problem associated with the polynomial. The properties of these vector spaces are similar to those introduced in the literature for square matrix polynomials and in fact coincide with them when the matrix polynomial is square. Further, almost every pencil in these spaces can be `trimmed' to form many smaller pencils that are strong linearizations of the matrix polynomial which readily yield solutions of the complete eigenvalue problem for the polynomial. These linearizations are easier to construct and are often smaller than the Fiedler linearizations introduced in the literature for rectangular matrix polynomials. Additionally, a global backward error analysis applied to these linearizations shows that they provide a wide choice of linearizations with respect to which the complete polynomial eigenvalue problem can be solved in a globally backward stable manner.

### Potentially Eventually Positive 2-generalized Star Sign Patterns

Mon, 2019-04-22 11:04

A sign pattern is a matrix whose entries belong to the set $\{+, -, 0\}$. An $n$-by-$n$ sign pattern $\mathcal{A}$ is said to be potentially eventually positive if there exists at least one real matrix $A$ with the same sign pattern as $\mathcal{A}$ and a positive integer $k_{0}$ such that $A^{k}>0$ for all $k\geq k_{0}$. An $n$-by-$n$ sign pattern $\mathcal{A}$ is said to be potentially eventually exponentially positive if there exists at least one real matrix $A$ with the same sign pattern as $\mathcal{A}$ and a nonnegative integer $t_{0}$ such that $e^{tA}=\sum_{k=0}^{\infty}\frac{t^{k}A^{k}}{k!}>0$ for all $t\geq t_{0}$. Identifying necessary and sufficient conditions for an $n$-by-$n$ sign pattern to be potentially eventually positive (respectively, potentially eventually exponentially positive), and classifying these sign patterns are open problems. In this article, the potential eventual positivity of the $2$-generalized star sign patterns is investigated. All the minimal potentially eventually positive $2$-generalized star sign patterns are identified. Consequently, all the potentially eventually positive $2$-generalized star sign patterns are classified. As an application, all the minimal potentially eventually exponentially positive $2$-generalized star sign patterns are identified. Consequently, all the potentially eventually exponentially positive $2$-generalized star sign patterns are classified.

### Jordan Triple Product Homomorphisms on Triangular Matrices to and from Dimension One

Thu, 2019-04-11 12:53

A map $\Phi$ is a Jordan triple product (JTP for short) homomorphism whenever $\Phi(A B A)= \Phi(A) \Phi(B) \Phi(A)$ for all $A,B$. We study JTP homomorphisms on the set of upper triangular matrices $\mathcal{T}_n(\mathbb{F})$, where $\Ff$ is the field of real or complex numbers. We characterize JTP homomorphisms $\Phi: \mathcal{T}_n(\mathbb{C}) \to \mathbb{C}$ and JTP homomorphisms $\Phi: \mathbb{F} \to \mathcal{T}_n(\mathbb{F})$. In the latter case we consider continuous maps and the implications of omitting the assumption of continuity.

### Regulation of the Practice of Law in Wyoming: A 150-Year Walk Through the History Books

Mon, 2019-04-08 11:40

### Blowing It: Why Is Wyoming Failing to Develop Wind Projects?

Mon, 2019-04-08 11:40

### Blockchain Challenges Traditional Contract Law: Just How Smart Are Smart Contracts?

Mon, 2019-04-08 11:39

### Illegitimate Succession: Vestigial Discrimination in Wyoming’s Rules of Intestate Descent

Mon, 2019-04-08 11:39

### A Policy History of Federal Coal Leasing: Past and Present Challenges

Mon, 2019-04-08 11:39

### Left in the Dust: Wyoming’s Instream Flow Laws from a Mountain West Perspective

Mon, 2019-04-08 11:39

### Minute by Minute: An Assessment of the Environmental Flows Program for Restoration of the Colorado River Delta

Mon, 2019-04-08 11:39

### Unions of a clique and a co-clique as star complements for non-main graph eigenvalues

Thu, 2019-03-28 20:28

Graphs consisting of a clique and a co-clique, both of arbitrary size, are considered in the role of star complements for an arbitrary non-main eigenvalue. Among other results, the sign of such a eigenvalue is discussed, the neigbourhoods of star set vertices are described, and the parameters of all strongly regular extensions are determined. It is also proved that, unless in a specified special case, if the size of a co-clique is fixed then there is a finite number of possibilities for our star complement and the corresponding non-main eigenvalue. Numerical data on these possibilities is presented.

### AE Regularity of Interval Matrices

Thu, 2019-03-28 20:24

Consider a linear system of equations with interval coefficients, and each interval coefficient is associated with either a universal or an existential quantifier. The AE solution set and AE solvability of the system is defined by ∀∃- quantification. The paper deals with the problem of what properties must the coefficient matrix have in order that there is guaranteed an existence of an AE solution. Based on this motivation, a concept of AE regularity is introduced, which implies that the AE solution set is nonempty and the system is AE solvable for every right-hand side. A characterization of AE regularity is discussed, and also various classes of matrices that are implicitly AE regular are investigated. Some of these classes are polynomially decidable, and therefore give an efficient way for checking AE regularity. Eventually, there are also stated open problems related to computational complexity and characterization of AE regularity.